In some cases, the will continues its march "But what is Europe and its culture? To which Europe do we need to go? To that of mister Churchill or mister Blum? To that of Hugh Dalton or doctor Schadt? To the Europe of Thomas Mann or of...
moreIn some cases, the will continues its march "But what is Europe and its culture? To which Europe do we need to go? To that of mister Churchill or mister Blum? To that of Hugh Dalton or doctor Schadt? To the Europe of Thomas Mann or of Céline? Of Massis or Bertrand Russell? Of Sartre or Sertillanges? Of Lucáks or Malraux? Who cannot see that it is to the conscience of the living contradiction concealed by each of those pairs of names that we need to go? Who does not realise that it is precisely the awareness of that conflict that we need? The cultural reality of Europe today is as complex as the multiple appeals that shape it, appeals and contributions that are almost countless. To live up to or be able to live up to its demands is to be able to understand and accept the tremendous dialogue that has shaped the process of European consciousness ever since the Ionian times of the 6th century." 1 I. the ill will In this superstructure that we know as the Western civilization, faced with an internal revolt and the contradictions of its own history, the far right, populist, nationalist and xenophobic movements have been gaining ground. Refugees, poverty, precarious work and street mobilisations are on the rise, among so many other examples that give shape to reality. The economic forces, the primacy given to financial markets, the claimed-for monetary stability and the much-lauded budgetary discipline cancel out the social struggles and achievements of the last centuries, as well as collective action and structures of solidarity. It is increasingly clear that issues regarding real social and housing policy, employment, the right to work and a minimum wage, continue to be minimised, just as monetary unification only continues to express the perverse nature of competition. Europe's crisis, which is also the collapse of its political representations, is expressed in several demonstrations by citizens-such as the Indignants in Spain, the mobilisations that led to Brexit and, more recently, the Gilets Jaunes in France. While European construction has come to reinforce the imperative of its gregarious conscience, it is no less true that the apparent democratic and progressive movement of its history has also engendered useful and usable workers, motivated for slavery, trained for sacrifice, and thus made European. These signs, which point us towards an ill and weak will, a herd animal morality, which Nietzsche had already diagnosed in Beyond Good and Evil, continue to spread all across this increasingly obscure Europe. Everything that contributes to elevate impulse, life, strength or tragic joy, is immediately stigmatised. The spirit of our time paralyses the will, gives it a resigned shape. In these times that perhaps we do not yet 1 Eduardo Lourenço-Heterodoxia I. Lisbon: Editora Gradiva, 2005, pp. 24-25.